decompensation_decompensation的前缀

1.求医学专业翻译6

2.外界环境变化导致机体生理需求增加时所引起的反应是

3.代偿反应的介绍

4.呼吸困难的英文怎么说

5.什么叫完全间歇不完全间歇

1、机体主要的代偿调节方式为肾的调节。

　2、代偿调节是机体在心力衰竭发生时防止 氧气进一步减少的必要措施，且代偿反应的强度与心力衰竭是否发生、发生速度以及严重程度密切相关。

　3、如氧气尚可满足机体的代谢需要，患者未出现心力衰竭的表现，此为完全代偿（ complete compensation ）； 若心输出量仅能满足机体在静息状态下的代谢需要，患者有轻度心力衰竭表现，称为不完全代偿 （ incomplete compensation ） ； 严重时， 氧气 甚至不能满足机体在静息状态下的代谢需要，患者有明显心力衰竭的症状和体征，此为失代偿（ decompensation ） 。

求医学专业翻译6

生命在于运动

生命在于运动。

我国最早的医学古籍《黄帝内经》中，就曾有过“动辄不衰”的论述。为什么呢？人体生命活动的基本规律是新陈代谢的“同化”和“异化”作用。所谓“同化”就是把得自体外的营养物质转化成有用的物质，供身体吸收，变成身体的组织部分，同时还要储存一部分能量。所谓“异化”，则是指把体内的有机物最后分解为无机物，同时释放出能量，布输营养物质，供给“同化”作用和其他生命过程的需要。“同化”和“异化”相互作用，相互依存，不停地进行，不断地更新有机体。当“同化”作用盛于“异化”作用时，人体就得到加强；而当“异化”作用盛于“同化”作用时有机体就被削弱。体育运动是要消耗体力的，是促使异化作用加强的过程，但它的这种消耗并不就此停止，而会继续引起同化作用的加强，加快体内物质的合成过程，使身体内部物质有超量的补充和积累，从而使体质得到不断的增强。这就是“生命在于运动”，在人体内部生理系统促进新陈代谢的实际意义。

“运动不足症”的危害

由于个人生活中，疏于运动，而产生的运动不足，是直接或间接引发疾病的因素，凡此，总称之为“运动不足症”。这是近代医学上新出现的一个名词，但这绝不是子虚乌有的，或者危言耸听，而是实有其事的病症。只不过此症当其症状明朗以前，要经历一个长期的潜在过程。在这段相当长的时间里，既无临床症状，也检查不出异常现象，因此容易被人所忽视，而就在我们的身体和心脏处于无防备或反应迟钝的状态下，在无声中偷袭了我们的健康。此症一旦发病，就很难治疗。即使精心治疗，效果也有限。因此根本的办法只能是预防，只有求救于健身，在其潜在阶段采取对策，预防其向疾病的方向发展。

“运动不足症”发病的原理是什么呢？人体的生理器官的功能都是有一定的贮备能力的，即人在日常生活中并不需要发挥全部功能就足应付了，正像一部机械它有额定功率，但是它还有一定的保险系数，即还有一定的贮备能力，是大于额定功率的。比如说，一只肾脏仍可生存，仅几分之一的肝脏仍可代偿整个肝脏功能。心脏也具有很大的代偿能力，假设年轻人心脏搏出能力为100，那么50也就足可维持日常生活了。所谓的潜在“运动不足症”，就是由于长期不活动，不锻炼，或者运动量不够而致使这部分贮备能力逐渐减少。当贮备能力下降到接近零时，人在安静状态下仍能正常生活，检查不出异常现象，但一旦遇到异常情况，就难以应付了，比如爬爬楼梯，或者紧跑几步，就会出现心悸或呼吸困难。对寒冷和高热环境的适应性和对各种生物学有害因素侵害的防御能力都明显地降低等等。直到贮备能力下降为零以下后检查时才能发现，而后成为治疗的对象，就为时太晚了。

近代医学理论认为：人的健康程度不能只从无疾病和无异常就认为是健康的，还应从健壮，主要脏器功能的标准指数，体力程度等进行积极的评价，潜在性“运动不足症”就是在此种积极观点下提出的新问题。近代生活方式，自然环境及社会环境均发生了急剧的变化，出现了以前人类未经受过的一些损害健康的危险因素，比如劳动机械化，交通工具发达，电视、电脑普及，竞争化，工业化等等。而在这些所有的危害健康的危险因素中，“运动不足症”是特别主要的因素，其影响既深且广，危害程度极大，亟应引起人们的重视

China's earliest medical classics, "Huang Di Nei Jing", the once had "not changed as frequently," discussed the matter. Why? The basic law of human life is the metabolic activity of the "assimilation" and "alienation" effect. The so-called "assimilation" is to get nutrients from the in vitro transformed into useful materials for the body to absorb into the body part of the organization, while also a part of the energy storage. The so-called "alienation" refers to the final decomposition of organic matter in vivo inorganic at the same time release of energy, cloth, lose nutrients, the supply of "assimilation" effect, and other life processes needs. "Assimilation" and "alienation" of interaction, interdependence, have been conducting, and constantly updated organisms. When the "assimilation" role Sheng Yu "alienation" effect, the body will be strengthened; and when the "alienation" of the role Sheng Yu "assimilation" effect was weakened when the organism. Sport is to consume physical strength, the strengthening of the role is to promote the process of alienation, but it does not stop here this consumption, but will continue to cause assimilation to strengthen and speed up the process of in vivo synthesis of material, so that there is excess material inside the body complementary and accumulation, so that physical fitness has been continually enhanced. This is the "Life is movement" within the physiological systems in the human body to promote metabolism of practical significance.

Hypokinetic disease "harm 运动不足症”的危害

Due to personal life, neglect of movement, resulting from lack of exercise, directly or indirectly, disease-causing factors, above activities, the total referred to as "lack of exercise disorder." This is the modern emergence of a new medical term, but it is by no means non-existent, or alarmist, but there is a being to disease. Merely symptoms of this disease when it is clear before going through a process of long-term potential. During a long time, with no clinical symptoms, but also check the no anomalies, so easily be neglected, but in our body and heart in the non-preparedness or unresponsive state, in the silence attack of our health. Once the incidence of this disease, it is difficult to treat. Even if well-treated, the effect is limited. Therefore, only the fundamental approach to prevention, only for help in fitness, the potential stages of their response to the disease to prevent its direction.

"Movement deficiency" disease theory what is it? The physiological function of human organs have a certain level of reserve capacity, that is, people in their daily life does not need to play all of the features would be sufficient to cope with, and just as a machine it has a rated power, but it also has some insurance factor that there is still a certain level of reserve capacity is greater than the rated power. For example, a kidney can survive, only a fraction of the liver can compensate the entire liver function. Also have a big heart compensatory ability, assuming that young people out of the heart pump capacity of 100, then 50 also should be able to maintain daily life of the. The so-called potential "movement deficiency" is due to the long inactivity, not exercise, or exercise is not enough, which results in this part of the reserve capacity to be phased out. When the reserve capacity dropped to near zero, were still in a quiet state of a normal life, check no anomalies, but the event of unusual circumstances, it is difficult to cope with that, such as climbing stairs, or running tight a few steps, it will palpitations or breathing difficulties occur. Pairs of cold and heat environment, adaptability and a variety of biological defense capabilities against harmful factors were significantly reduced and so on. Reserve capacity until it fell to zero after the inspection, the following can be found, and then become the object of treatment, it is too late.

运动不足症”发病的原理是什么呢？

"Movement deficiency" disease theory what is it?“

The physiological function of human organs have a certain level of reserve capacity, that is, people in their daily life does not need to play all of the features would be sufficient to cope with, and just as a machine it has a rated power, but it also has some insurance factor that there is still a certain level of reserve capacity is greater than the rated power. For example, a kidney can survive, only a fraction of the liver can compensate the entire liver function. Also have a big heart compensatory ability, assuming that young people out of the heart pump capacity of 100, then 50 also should be able to maintain daily life of the. The so-called potential "movement deficiency" is due to the long inactivity, not exercise, or exercise is not enough, which results in this part of the reserve capacity to be phased out. When the reserve capacity dropped to near zero, were still in a quiet state of a normal life, check no anomalies, but the event of unusual circumstances, it is difficult to cope with that, such as climbing stairs, or running tight a few steps, it will palpitations or breathing difficulties occur. Pairs of cold and heat environment, adaptability and a variety of biological defense capabilities against harmful factors were significantly reduced and so on. Reserve capacity until it fell to zero after the inspection, the following can be found, and then become the object of treatment, it is too late.

Theory holds that modern medicine: the health of people not just from no disease and no abnormality is deemed healthy, but also from the robust, the main organ of the standard index, physical assessment of the degree of active, potential "movement deficiency" is raised under such a positive view of the new problems. Modern lifestyle, natural and social environment dramatic changes have occurred, there has been previously trained some of the damage to human health without the risk factors, such as the mechanization of labor, means of transport developed, TVs, computers popularity, competition, technology, industrialization, etc. and so on. In all of these risk factors, health hazards, the "lack of exercise disorders" is a major factor in particular, its impact deep and wide-ranging impact a great extent, was urged to attract people's attention.

外界环境变化导致机体生理需求增加时所引起的反应是

基于此，胰岛素抵抗（即IR——译者注）——（常）因肥胖症而加重（或：加剧病情）——将慢慢导致胰腺β细胞超负荷工作（或：运转），最终使其力竭、并引发高血糖状态下的代谢失调。

供参

代偿反应的介绍

外界环境变化导致机体生理需求增加时所引起的反应是代偿性适应。

代偿反应是机体在心力衰竭发生时防止 氧气进一步减少的必要措施，且代偿反应的强度与心力衰竭是否发生、发生速度以及严重程度密切相关。如 氧气尚可满足机体的代谢需要，患者未出现心力衰竭的表现。

此为完全代偿（ complete compensation ）； 若心输出量仅能满足机体在静息状态下的代谢需要，患者有轻度心力衰竭表现，称为不完全代偿 （ incomplete compensation ） ； 严重时， 氧气 甚至不能满足机体在静息状态下的代谢需要，患者有明显心力衰竭的症状和体征，此为失代偿（ decompensation ） 。

代偿性适应：

比如肝脏有30%发生病变而没法行使正常功能，由于剩余的70%肝组织超常发挥行使了病变的30%部分的肝组织所应行使的功能，所以肝功能尚且能维持在正常水平称为代偿性适应。

意味着按"正常"状态已不能实现原有的代谢平衡了，故多对身体不利。如甲状腺分泌不足，腺体可通过产生更多的腺细胞来维持激素的生成量，导致甲状腺增大。心输出量不够，后负荷增加往往是对低心排的代偿反应：通过增加心肌的厚度来提升收缩力，导致心脏肥厚。

还有PH值改变，酸碱平衡失调，机体都有继发性代偿反应，减轻酸碱紊乱，pH值恢复至正常范围，以维持内环境的稳定。

呼吸困难的英文怎么说

代偿反应是机体在心力衰竭发生时防止 氧气进一步减少的必要措施，且代偿反应的强度与心力衰竭是否发生、发生速度以及严重程度密切相关。如 氧气尚可满足机体的代谢需要，患者未出现心力衰竭的表现，此为完全代偿（ complete compensation ）； 若心输出量仅能满足机体在静息状态下的代谢需要，患者有轻度心力衰竭表现，称为不完全代偿 （ incomplete compensation ） ； 严重时， 氧气 甚至不能满足机体在静息状态下的代谢需要，患者有明显心力衰竭的症状和体征，此为失代偿（ decompensation ） 。

什么叫完全间歇不完全间歇

呼吸困难

[词典] dyspnea; expiratory dyspnea; difficult breathing; breath with difficulty; decompensation;

[例句]姿势不当会导致颈部疼痛、头痛和呼吸困难。

Poor posture can cause neck ache, headaches and breathing problems.

decompensation;

haexpiratory dyspnea;?

dyspnea;

difficult breathing;?

breath with difficulty;?

lose one's breathrd.

完全和不完全代偿间歇的概念？期前收缩是怎么定义的？

代偿反应是机体在心力衰竭发生时防止心输出量进一步减少的必要措施，且代偿反应的强度与心力衰竭是否发生、发生速度以及严重程度密切相关。如心输出量尚可满足机体的代谢需要，患者未出现心力衰竭的表现，此为完全代偿（complete

compensation ）；若心输出量仅能满足机体在静息状态下的代谢需要，患者有轻度心力衰竭表现，称为不完全代偿（incomplete

compensation ）；严重时CO 甚至不能满足机体在静息状态下的代谢需要，患者有明显心力衰竭的症状和体征，此为失代偿（ decompensation

）。

期前收缩（extrasystole）

指在心脏正常收缩以外的所有的收缩，亦称为期外收缩。指在某些病理条件下，心肌组织可以在窦性节律的有效不应期之后，和下次节律性兴奋传来之前，可以使心肌产生一次额外的兴奋和收缩。它是临床上最常见的一种心律失常，也是最常见的异位性心律。它是由异位起搏点过早地发出冲动引起的心脏搏动，与当时的基本心律中其他搏动相比，在时间上过早发生。

本应出现的下一次的正常收缩脱落，到再一次出现的正常收缩之间，有一异常的较长休息期，这称为代偿性间歇。

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